Sunday, October 28, 2012

Project #10 My PLN

My Personal Learning Network

Claire's Personal Learning Network


I chose to use Symbaloo to create my PLN. As I was researching the perfect place to begin my PLN, Symbaloo was definitely the most user-friendly. Dr. Strange provided us with a lot of different examples of how to create a personal learning network. A few of which were: "A 7th Graders Personal Learning Environment," Steven Anderson's "Building Your PLN-A Primer For Anyone," and "Personal Learning Networks." I am so impressed by the idea of a PLN, and I am so excited to continue building my own personal learning network. Symbaloo's home webmix provided a lot of the websites I already frequently visit, including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Blogger, and eBay. I added a few more of my favorites such as Pinterest, University of South Alabama's Homepage, the EDM310 Class Blog, the Nike website, and Etsy. I really like that a PLN can contain both personal items as well as items I will use in my academic and professional life.

Like Dr. Strange said, a PLN is not just a method of presenting and organizing; it is set of people and tools to call upon for help, consultation, collaboration, and other assistance. I have already started a list of people I want to add to my PLN that I have encountered through Twitter, C4T, and C4K assignments from EDM310. I can't wait to continue building and adding to my PLN. I can already tell I'm going to spend a lot of time on it because I love organizing my different websites. I also can't wait to build my list of people who are going to be able to help me in the future. Thanks for introducing me to this awesome thing, Dr. Strange! I'll definitely be using this tool outside of EDM310.

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Blog Assignment #9

Mr. McClung's End of School Year Reflection for 2010-11

Super Grade A+ Teacher
At the end of each year, Mr. McClung writes a blog post reflecting on his adventures, accomplishments and learnings. For the first part of our assignment, I chose to read Mr. McClung's post "What I Learned This Year (2010-11)." He began by talking about all of the changes that had occurred during the year: it was his first year to teach at the same school for more than one year, it was his first experience as a cross country head coach, and it was also his first experience as a computer applications teacher. He made several inspiring points in his post, discussing the impact these changes had on him as an educator. One point he made was knowing who your boss is. As a teacher, he did a lot of people-pleasing on a daily basis, but the people he set out to please were adults (administration) rather than his students. He talked about how important it is not to get consumed with trying to please individuals, especially if you begin neglecting your own students. He made an eye-opening statement that really stuck with me; he said, "Our decision making process should always be student centered and not centered around pleasing adults." As a coach myself, I also find that I try to please the administration of the school and/or the parents of my players. Sometimes, I would get so focused on making sure they liked what I was doing that I lost focus on my main priority: my players. After some soul-searching, I vouched that I would strive to never again lose my main focus. Just as Mr. McClung's duty is to his students, my duty is to my players, their development in volleyball, and their well-being. I was able to really relate to Mr. McClung's description of this topic.

Mr. McClung went on to talk about not being afraid to be an outsider and not getting too comfortable with an everyday routine. He discussed how he enjoyed hanging out and eating lunch with his students more so than he did with his fellow teachers. He described how it's okay if you don't "fit in" as a teacher because there will always be people who don't like what your doing or how your doing it. He stated, "I play my music way too loud, I eat my lunch with students and not in the teacher's lounge, I enjoy being connected to my students through blogging and social media, and I enjoy being immature." I thought that was very admirable of him to say. I think it's important to be an outgoing teacher who can relate to his or her students, while also teaching them information on how to accomplish goals they may have never thought possible. Mr. McClung also talked about how a teacher's biggest fear should be when he or she becomes too comfortable. Though routines are good, we do not need to become so comfortable in our daily routines that we coast through our work. We need to become "movers and shakers" in education according to Mr. McClung, and to do that, we need to be passionate advocates for the changes that need to happen in our schools.

Mr. McClung's End of School Year Reflection for 2011-12

A teacher takes a hand, opens a mind, and touches a heart
For the second part of our assignment, I read Mr. McClung's post "What I Learned This Year - Volume 4 (2011-12)." This post was Mr. McClung's year four reflection on teaching. It related to his year three reflection because he again talked about pleasing his peers (which are his fellow teachers). He said that this year he was going to make a point to try and see how his peers viewed him and the way he taught. Though he was pleasing his students, he wanted to explore the thoughts of his peers. After further reflection, he realized that he has to "dance with the one who brought him to the dance." His focus has always been on making sure his students have fun, so he decided that is what he needs to stick with. Being a people-pleasing person myself, Mr. McClung's ideas are something I need to keep in mind. The main focus of being an educator should always be the students. Though it is not wrong to please adults, we should continue to focus on making sure the kids are taken care of and are enjoying class.

The second topic Mr. McClung discussed in his post was challenging yourself. This school year was his third consecutive year teaching the same subjects at the same school. He found himself resorting to using the same lesson plans and activities, so his creativity was beginning to vanish. He said, "My goal as an educator is to do everything I can to ensure that students enjoy class and not resent school as I did as a child." I can relate to that because as a kid, I hated when my teachers did the same boring, monotonous thing day in and day out. After a while, I wasn't challenged anymore because the teachers had been doing the same lessons and using the same materials for years and years. When I first began my journey to becoming a future teacher, I made a promise to myself; I would not be "that" teacher that the students did not enjoy going to her class. Though one of my main goals is to ensure my students receive a quality education, I want to impact their lives on more than just an academic level. Just as Mr. McClung described, I want my students to leave my class with a sense that I cared about them personally and that I did everything I could to make their school year awesome.

Sunday, October 21, 2012

Blog Assignment #8

This Is How We Dream Parts 1 and 2

Dr. Richard E. Miller's videos, "This Is How We Dream Parts 1 and 2," discuss the idea of writing in a new multimedia age. Dr. Miller is a professor in the English Department at Rutgers University, and his videos give an awesome glimpse into what the future of writing on the web holds. He begins the first video with a powerful image; he states, "I think we are living at the moment of the greatest change in human communication in human history." I thought that was an extremely valid statement. If you really stop and think about it, the world has never been more technologically advanced as it is today, and it is well on its way to becoming more advanced with each passing day. Dr. Miller discusses how he use to work in a place with pencils, books, and papers and how he would have to go to libraries to gather information and data. He then describes how his workplace now is in word processing on his laptop. He said people everywhere are now able to research the riches of the world as they are stored on the web, and his videos advocate his views on utilizing the web as much as possible when writing.

Student Change
Dr. Miller goes on to discuss a research project he composed about the anniversary of the Virginia Tech shooting. He was able to freely access documents online, and he never had to set foot in a library to research information. Finding articles and data online is not like going to the library anymore; we literally have an academic world at our fingertips. Not only does Dr. Miller stress the importance of the web when writing, but he is very interested in writing text collaborated with images, films, and other archives on the web. This really stuck out to me because I definitely agree that using images and videos mixed with text is one of the best ways to grab students' attention. I am a visual learner, and if I open a book or Internet article that is all text with no pictures/videos, my brain automatically registers a message of "wow, I already do not want to read this material because it is going to be boring." I feel like a lot of students have that same reaction, but just like Dr. Miller describes, the utilization of multimedia can completely change those notions.

Online Learning Community
Part two of Dr. Miller's video confronts how this new kind of material we are able to access on the web changes right before our eyes and is updated instantly and constantly. He notes how important it is for us to collaboratively share the information we access on the web. He says, "People are beginning to understand that ideas don't belong to us individually, but to us as a culture, and we, as educators, must be in the business of sharing ideas freely." I really like how he worded that statement. As educators, we have the opportunity to get behind the material and see how it's put together. We should be willing to help fellow educators and students gain as much information as possible to increase their learning and understanding. It is much better to have a community of learners rather than one single learner who has to do everything by him or herself. Dr. Miller's description of the sharing community reminds me a lot of what Dr. Strange is teaching us in EDM310. I love how we are able to gain all kinds of viewpoints and research on different material from different professors and students. I really enjoyed Dr. Miller's videos, and I am excited for the new information about writing on the web that will soon be available, if it's not already. By the time I have my own classroom with my future students, I cannot even imagine where the world will be when it comes to web learning and writing. I do know though that I will embrace the new technology as it comes and do everything I can to integrate it into my teaching and into my student's lives.

Carly's YouTube Playlist

First off, I would like to say that Carly had a wonderful idea for her Blog Post #12. She presented such a creative idea, and I really enjoyed reading her post because she was such an enthusiastic and cheerful writer. For her assignment (which is an assignment we will have to do fairly soon), she had to brainstorm an idea that she felt was good enough for Dr. Strange himself to assign to the EDM310 class.

YouTube Playlist
Carly decided to create a YouTube playlist, composed of several videos related to the field of teaching. In her assignment directions, she gave several ideas for the students to choose from. For example, students could: describe the kind of teacher you would like to be, show ways you can motivate your students, offer tips on classroom management, offer tutorials on programs you have learned about in this class that you like so much you would like to use (podcast, iPods, PLN's, etc.) I love how she provided a link to her own personal playlist for the students to explore and draw inspiration from. She said, "I even created my own playlist because good teachers teach by example. In my playlist, there's a few that are inspirational because, in a perfect classroom students actually have to think."

Carly's assignment follows Dr. Miller's hopes for writing with multimedia very closely. Her description of the YouTube playlist would allow students to find and store as many videos as possible related to their particular field of teaching and style. This would allow for creativity in multimedia writing, and students would be able to include these videos, images, and texts into their writing, which would benefit them greatly. I believe Dr. Miller would be very proud of Carly's work, and I think she did a wonderful job with coming up with a great assignment. Awesome work, Carly!

EDM310 is Different

In the video "The Chipper Series," Chipper, who is played by Jamie Lynn Miller (a former EDM310 student), talks with Dr. Strange several times about different things going on in her life. She first discusses how she thinks she should be able to turn her work in whenever she gets it done, even if it's late. Even though she procrastinates, she still thinks she should get credit. After confronting Dr. Strange about how she didn't like his teaching practices, she dropped out of school and decided to start her own school, the Timeline Pilot School. In her school, students can choose the time slot of when they want to go to class, and they can decide how long they want to stay in each class. After numerous glitches and failures, the FFA shuts her school down. As a backup plan, Chipper decides to go back to school to become a teacher. Dr. Strange's friend, Ms. Wright, ends up firing Chipper from her job as a teacher because she never showed up to teach her class. After a few more failed attempts of procrastination, Chipper finally comes to the conclusion that she must cleanse her ways, go back to school, and not procrastinate.

EDM310 for Dummies
In the video "EDM310 for Dummies," Poppy Bednorz, Jamie Lynn Miller, and Jennifer Chambers create a book called "EDM310 for Dummies." They express the frustrations they had in EDM310 before they were fully able to understand how great the class was for them. After they read their newly found book, they learned all the tips and tricks to help make EDM310 a wonderful learning experience for them.

These two videos were great in helping me think of videos I hope to create in the future in EDM310. They had such unique and interesting ideas, and they used humor and lots of detailed information to help their viewers understand the message they were trying to portray. I think a video about the transformation EDM310 helps students make would be really cool. For example, it would be neat to show the story of a student's journey through the class, from the very beginning to the end product. You could illuminate problems encountered and most importantly, solutions on how to manage those problems.

Learn to Change, Change to Learn

Technology in the Classroom
In the video "Learn to Change, Change to Learn," distinguished individuals in education discuss the need for change in the classroom. These educators talk about how technology should not be a choice anymore in the classroom; it is fundamentally needed to educate our children. I really enjoyed this video, and I definitely agree with the message they are portraying. Kids do not just learn in the classroom; they learn in their communities, libraries, museums, and of course, on the web. It is our job as educators to integrate this kind of learning into the classroom. Teachers should be a window of opportunity for students, and we should be preparing them not only for college but for the real world as well. Like they said in the video, it's not just about checking off standards anymore, it is about truly engaging students in learning. I hope to accomplish what this video lays out when I myself become an educator.

Scavenger Hunt 2.0

This assignment was suggested by a former EDM310 student, Justin Cometti Fall 2011. Just like Carly created a YouTube playlist, Justin came up with the Scavenger Hunt 2.0. We were given a list of five items and were told to choose three of the five. We were also given a few resources to help us with this assignment: "Discovery Education Web 2.0 for 2011," "Discovery Education's WEB 20.11," and "WEB 2.0 Tools."

Assignment 1:
The first item that I found was Ning, which is a tool similar to Twitter/Facebook. Ning is your key to an awesome social community. Though Ning, you can create a perfect social website to help bring people from all around the world together. With your own look and feel, and choice of social integration, Ning opens new doors to revenue and involvement. Teachers can use Ning to create a supportive place to enrich their students' learning. Here is a list of a few great things Ning provides for educators:
1) Forums (provide the podium to explore, share, and discuss)
2) Photo Gallery (brings educational projects to life)
3) YouTube Integration (provides a seamless, rich media experience)
4) Social Sign-in (makes sign-in easy for members with Facebook, Twitter, Google and Yahoo)

I could easily integrate Ning into my future classroom. Ning provides numerous ways to use technology to help teach students, and I will definitely be using it to teach my future students.

Assignment 2:
For the second item we were assigned, I chose to create a poll on "Poll Everywhere." Polls are a great and fun way to get students involved with answering questions inside and outside of the classroom. Since I am studying to become an English teacher, I chose to create a poll that lets students express which type of writing they like the most: Narrative, Expository, Descriptive, or Persuasive. Students could respond to the poll on their cell phones or computers the day before I teach the lesson so that I can get a feel for which writing they enjoy the most. You can check out my poll here: Claire's Writing Poll.

Assignment 3:
For my third assignment, I chose to make my own comic strip on Make Beliefs Comix. This would be a fun and creative way for students to enjoy a project or assignment. My comic strip describes a day in the life of an EDM310 student. I've included a picture of my comic strip (click to enlarge), but you can also check it out here: Claire's Comic Strip. Claire's Comic Strip

Wednesday, October 17, 2012

C4T #2

Adventures in Pencil Integration: Remember Pencil Quests?

Pencils
I was assigned to Mr. Spencer for my second C4T assignment. His blog is entitled "Adventures in Pencil Integration," which grabbed my attention immediately. When I was first exploring Mr. Spencer's blog, I saw that he had written this in his biography: "I teach. I write. I live. I want to do all three authentically." I thought that was an awesome and powerful thing to say. Teaching, writing, and living authentically are things I personally want to accomplish as well. The first post I read of Mr. Spencer's was "Remember Pencil Quests?" His entire post was written to describe a story through his use of dialogue. The conversation was between him and his former teacher. The teacher told the class that they were going on a pencil quest. The class immediately got very excited because they thought they were going on a field trip. Little did they know that this quest would be an adventure through imagination and writing with their pencil in the classroom. Mr. Spencer's post focuses on how important imagination is when writing and how vital it is that writing be made fun.

In my first comment to Mr. Spencer, I began by introducing myself and explaining how I would be commenting on his blog for my EDM310 class. I gave him my email address and links to my blog and the class blog where he could get in touch with me if he wanted to. I told him how interesting and captivating his use of dialogue was and how I could relate to his description of pencil quests. I explained how I am studying to become a middle or high school English teacher, and I told him how passionate I am about writing and teaching others about writing. I let him know that I would love to use his idea of the pencil quest in my future classroom to get my students excited about the writing process and about using their imaginations. I concluded by thanking him for his thoughts.

Adventures in Pencil Integration: The Con Academy

The Flipped Classroom
Mr. Spencer's second post I read was "The Con Academy." He again used dialogue to tell his readers a story. The conversation in this post was between him and his boss, the principal of the school where he worked. His principal led him to a classroom to talk with Sam, an advocate of the flipped classroom. The basic idea was that Mr. Spencer felt that a flipped classroom is beneficial in some ways, but he described how he still enjoyed using a simple pencil to accomplish great things in the classroom. He wanted to blend students working individually with students working collectively as a class. He said that the free gift of the flipped classroom should not be taken lightly and should be combined with other teaching methods.

In my second comment to Mr. Spencer, I again told him how clever I thought his use of dialogue to tell a story was. I let him know that I had recently learned about what the flipped classroom was as I was researching in my EDM310 class. I then told him that I thought there should be a happy medium between flipping the classroom and maintaining a healthy student-teacher relationship. Teachers shouldn't get so bogged down with the details of how to flip their classroom that they lose focus of the most important thing: the students. I told him that I thought a blend of technology with "pencil writing," as he described, would help students succeed in the classroom.

Tuesday, October 9, 2012

Blog Assignment #7

The Networked Student

The Networked Teacher
Wendy Drexler's "The Networked Student" is a very interesting video. It depicts a project completed by Mrs. Drexler's actual high school students. The video begins by describing connectivism, which is a theory that presumes learning occurs as part of a social network of many diverse connections and ties. The network is made possible through various tools of technology, and it is a way for teachers to lecture less while students can learn more. Mrs. Drexler empowers her students to take control of their learning and make new connections with others who will strengthen their learning process. Before students are able to begin this adventure, they must build their personal learning networks. Students must research various websites to find credible and reliable information on the topic they are wanting to learn about. Not only are students able to post the information they found to their personal network, but they are also able to connect with others who are researching the same topic.

"The Networked Student" reminds me a lot of EDM310. It wasn't until I entered this class that I gained the understanding that personal learning networks are extremely important and necessary. I wasn't able to gain this viewpoint until my third year of college, but I love how Mrs. Drexler is instilling this into her students beginning in high school. It becomes very mundane and repetitive when a teacher stands at the front of the classroom constantly lecturing students day in and day out. Students then must regurgitate the information back to the teacher so he or she knows they understand the material. The networked student does not have to go through any of this to learn and explore new information. I think the personal learning network is a fantastic idea because students are able to connect with people from all over the web. When I did my first C4K for EDM310, I just thought it was the coolest thing ever that I was actually commenting on a post all the from New Zealand. The networked student is able to connect with others from all around the world, and in doing so, he or she is able to gain a broader understanding and knowledge of any given topic.

The Networked Student
I really enjoyed "A 7th Grader's Personal Learning Environment (or PLN)" because it was very relatable to Wendy Drexler's video. Viewing this seventh grader's personal learning environment was very eye-opening to me. It's so awesome that a 12-year-old science student was able to accomplish what she has accomplished on her PLE at such a young age. I loved when she said "Because there is so much freedom, you have the inclination to be responsible." Her PLE was a lot like the PLN I am gradually forming in EDM310. Like her, I feel a great sense of freedom, but with that freedom comes great responsibility. This video reminded me a lot about one of the main questions brought up by Mrs. Drexler's video, and that is "Why does the networked student even need a teacher?" The networked teacher is there for numerous reasons: to offer guidance when a student gets stuck, to show students how to communicate properly and how to respectively ask experts for help, to show students how to turn research into a scavenger hunt, and to help students get excited when they find the content they are searching for. After watching the videos on personal learning networks, I am excited to become a networked teacher. I will strive to implement each lesson I learned in these videos into my future classroom because I want my students to learn how to accomplish a PLN early in their academic careers.

Sunday, October 7, 2012

Blog Assignment #6

Randy Pausch’s Last Lecture

Randy Pausch
Randy Pausch's Last Lecture was incredibly moving and inspirational. He is a fantastic speaker, and his message was very humbling for me. At the time he was giving this last lecture, Dr. Pausch was battling a life-threatening cancer, and he knew he most likely would not be around for much longer. Many of us probably would use our last speech to express how sad we were about the disease, but Dr. Pausch was so energetic and positive. He wanted to use his circumstances to inspire others, rather than using his lecture to focus on himself. He began by discussing his childhood dreams and how he accomplished each of them in some way or another. He stressed the importance of dreaming and how the inspiration to dream is huge. It is important for us to have specific dreams; a few of his dreams were as follows: being in zero gravity, playing in the NFL, and being a Disney Imagineer. One dream that stuck out the most to me was his wish to play in the NFL. He described how he had a coach that said there were 22 people on the football field, but only one carried the ball. His coach wanted to focus on what the other 21 players were doing. I enjoyed this analogy of establishing the fundamentals because as a volleyball coach, fundamentals is something I strive to instill in my players each day. As a future teacher, I want to establish a classroom based on fundamentals so that my students will be prepared to move on to bigger and better things.

Dr. Pausch also used the analogy of "brick walls" several times in his lecture. Brick walls are in our lives to let us prove how badly we want things, and they stop the people who don't want it bad enough. They let us show how high our dedication level is. I've heard the analogy of tearing down walls before, but the way Dr. Pausch put it really hit home with me. Not only will I have to conquer brick walls as a teacher, but I am certain I will also encounter students who are struggling with conquering their own brick walls. They may be struggling with schoolwork, experiencing problems in their home lives, or having a hard time with their friends. I want to be a source of positivity and encouragement for my students, and I want to be able to look past my own needs and focus on every possible way I can to help them conquer their brick walls. I will strive to use resources inside my classroom to help my students not only learn academic information, but I want to help them learn life lessons as well.

Dr. Pausch's Family
Another item Dr. Pausch talked about was the "head fake." He says that the best way to teach someone something is to make them think they are learning something else. Most of the time when we learn, we do so indirectly. I think this can most certainly be applied in the classroom. I know that I personally enjoy learning things when I don't specifically set out to accomplish something or intentionally study something. Some of the greatest lessons I have learned in life have been indirectly. It becomes more fun and less of a hassle to learn things that we aren't necessarily required to learn. For example, a teacher can use a field trip to help students learn about history and the world around them. Field trips can be extremely educational, but the students are able to have a great time in the process. In his conclusion of speaking about the "head fake," Dr. Pausch explained how if you head fake about how to lead your life, dreams will come to you. In other words, if you allow yourself to let loose and learn, your dreams will inevitably fall into place.

I really enjoyed Dr. Pausch's concluding thoughts in his last lecture. He stressed the importance of having fun, and he compared his fun side in life to a fish in water. Fun for Dr. Pausch is necessary for a successful life. I enjoyed how he urged us to decide whether we were a "Tigger" or an "Eeyore." We can either be excited, positive, and ready to conquer the world, or we can become down and disappointed about the negative circumstances in our lives. He also said how we are to never lose our child-like wonder because it is what drives us to help others. In my future classroom, I will strive to stress the importance of cherishing feedback, showing gratitude, and working hard, just like Dr. Pausch described. I want to encourage my students to find the best in everybody, no matter how long they have to wait for them to show it.

I am so thankful I had the opportunity to watch Dr. Pausch's last lecture. He has taught me so many lessons that I can apply in my personal life and hopefully instill in my students. He is a phenomenal speaker, and I will definitely use his lecture as a source of inspiration to refer back to.

Thursday, October 4, 2012

C4K Summary for September

C4K #1

For C4K #1, I was assigned to Ofa's blog. Ofa attends Pt England School in Auckland, NZ, and she is in Ms. Ouano's fifth grade class. In Ofa's post, she described how Tunnel Beach was named after John Cargill. She gave details about why it was named Tunnel Beach, and she drew a colorful picture that she shared on her blog. In my comment to Ofa, I first began by introducing myself and letting her know I was in college at the University of South Alabama. I thanked her for sharing the information about John Cargill with us because I did not know that is where Tunnel Beach got its name from. I told her how pretty her picture was and to keep up the great work. In hopes of starting a conversation, I asked her if she had ever been to Tunnel Beach before. I concluded by letting her know how excited I was to continue reading her posts.


C4K #2

The movie Brave
For C4K #2, I was assigned to Grace's blog. Grace is in Mr. Marks' sixth grade class at Pt England School in Auckland, NZ. In Grace's post, she described what she had done the past weekend. She explained that her cousin came over for the weekend, and they had lots of fun together going to see the movie "Brave." They also went swimming and played on the trampoline. She was excited to be able to play and hang out with her cousin. In my comment to Grace, I began by introducing myself and explaining that I was in college in the United States of America. I praised her for her colorful and fun blog, and I told her that it seemed like she had a wonderful time over the weekend. I explained that I also loved doing activities like going to the movies and going swimming. I told her that I had not seen the movie "Brave" before, and in hopes of getting a response back, I asked her if she enjoyed the movie. I concluded by thanking her for the wonderful post, and I let her know to keep up the great work.

Thursday, September 27, 2012

Blog Assignment #5

iSchool Initiative

iSchool Initiative Team
In his video "iSchool Initiative," Travis Allen, a 17-year-old high school student at the time, presented the idea of books, paper, and pencils being replaced by the technology of the iPod touch. He made the argument that this technology would help schools "go green" and become an iSchool without destroying natural resources. He said that with the right plan, these iPods could change the face of public education. Travis Allen describes many readily available applications students can use in the classroom to help them with their studies. A few of the ones he mentioned were email, calender, U.S. Constitution, iHomework, and World Wiki. These applications will help students, teachers, and parents stay connected and know what is going on in the classroom from day to day.

Travis Allen goes on to describe how applications will transform tomorrow's iSchool. These custom-made, interactive applications can store and track homework, tests, calenders, and lunch menus, and they will help teachers have all of their class information available at one touch. He says that total teacher and student accountability will be available for the first time, and parents will be able to monitor their child's progress from any phone or computer. The iSchool will be lockable for the individual school, and interactive for the kids. The students will only be able to look up school-related information on the Internet, so education will be the main priority. One of the coolest parts of the iSchool that he described was how much money schools and students will save. They would go from spending $600+ to about $150 per student. I think Travis Allen and the iSchool Initiative have some great ideas on how to get technology more widespread in classrooms everywhere, and it was awesome to see in their video "ZeitgeistYoungMind's Entry" how much attention their program as gotten. I wish them the best and look forward to seeing their success in the future.

Eric Whitacre’s Virtual Choir

I am speechless after watching "Eric Whitacre’s Virtual Choir." This video portrays a choir ensemble of 185 people performing "Lux Aurumque." The awesome thing is that none of these people have ever met before, and they are performing this beautiful song over the internet. I would never had dreamed something like this would be possible, but it just goes to show you how truly amazing the internet really is. If it is possible for 185 strangers to sing that beautifully over the web, the possibilities and opportunities for technology in the classroom are endless. Eric Whitacre is a musical legend in my book, and I am so glad I was able to watch this wonderful performance.
Eric Whitacre's Virtual Choir


Teaching in the 21st Century

Technology and computers
After watching Dr. Strange's version of Kevin Roberts' "Teaching in the 21st Century," I am very excited about the future of schools and technology. One of Roberts' main points was that we, as educators, need to rethink the tools we use and the types of problems we ask students to solve. Many people question how to manage laptops, iPods, and cell phones in the classroom, but Roberts points out that you manage them the same way you manage students using paper, pencils, and notebooks. The tools provide temptation, but they are not the source of negative behavior. I completely agree with Roberts when he says no matter what lesson you create and what tools you use, they must be relevant, challenging, and most importantly, engaging. I think this video is a great example of what EDM310 stands for. I have learned more in EDM310 in just a few weeks than I have in full semesters in the past. Why you may ask? Because I am engaged in the work I am doing. The changes in technology described in this video will greatly affect me as a future educator. I want my classroom to be one of engaging lessons and expressive student learning. I am so thankful for Kevin Roberts' video, and I think he has numerous beneficial ideas that will help any teacher use technology to its fullest.

The Flipped Classroom

The idea of flipping the classroom is awesome and so innovative! After watching "Why I Flipped My Classroom," "Dr. Lodge McCammon's FIZZ - Flipping the Classroom," and "Flipping the Classroom - 4th Grade STEM," I was in total awe of how effective this idea is. The notion is that teachers will have an online version of their lessons available to be viewed before the students even come in to the classroom. The students can familiarize themselves with the material and come to class with any problems or questions they may have. The flipped classroom allows for 90% of class time to be spent on application and 10% to be spent on lecturing. This is a complete flip of what a normal classroom used to be.

I wish I had the opportunity to grow up in a flipped classroom like the ones described in these videos. My elementary, middle, and high school years seemed to consist of the same schedule every day in every class: the teacher would stand at the front of the room for 50 minutes teaching us something that we weren't really paying attention to. We would go home and have no idea how to complete our homework because we didn't retain anything we learned. This is where the flipped classroom will help immensely. Not only will students become engaged with the learning process, but parents will also have numerous opportunities to help their children with homework because the lessons from the teacher are available online. The children will become excited about being academically engaged because they won't have to sit and stare at their teacher for an entire class period. Students will be able to work more at their own pace, and their teacher will have more of an opportunity to work with each student individually. I am enlightened by this awesome educational idea, and I will definitely utilize the flipped classroom one day.
Flipped Classroom

Sunday, September 23, 2012

C4T #1

The Principal's Principles: Hope, Opportunity, and Courage

I was assigned to Mr. Bernia for my first C4T assignment. His blog is entitled "The Principal's Principles," which I thought was both catchy and appropriate for the subjects his posts about. When I first viewed his blog, I came across his subtitle which said "I am a middle school principal striving to make the world a better place, one day at a time." I was immediately excited to read what he had to say because I could sense his positivity right off the bat. The first post I read of Mr. Bernia's was "3 words for the year: Hope, Opportunity, and Courage." He spoke about the preparation he and his staff were making for the upcoming school year, and he decided to speak about hope, opportunity, and courage in the first staff meeting he held with his teachers. He began by saying that teachers are sometimes the only source of hope students see on a daily basis, and he said that it is our charge as educators to give our students hope. He then used an example of giving students opportunity. He described how his school took a trip to see the movie The Hunger Games, and in the car on the way there, he discovered one of his students had never been to a movie theater before. He was a source of opportunity for this particular student. He ended by discussing how we should have the courage to focus on our students rather than ourselves.

In my first comment to Mr. Bernia, I began by introducing myself and explaining how I would be commenting on his blog for my EDM310 class. I gave him my email address and links to my blog and the class blog where he could get in touch with me if he wished to. I then praised him for the inspirational post he made. I agreed that teachers have the huge task of being a source of hope, opportunity, and courage for students, and I told him that as a future teacher, my goal is to positively impact students' lives. I also told him how important I thought it was that we put aside our own needs to focus on the needs of our students.
Student and teacher


The Principal's Principles: Begin with the end in mind

Mr. Bernia's second post I read was "Begin with the end in mind." He described how important it is for educators to begin each school year with the end results in mind. He wants to focus on the instruction that will lead to students mastering new standards. He listed several common core standards from the Smarter Balanced assessments: students will need to think through the questions, do some analysis, and answer; students will need to take more time for each question; time on task has to increase. He ended by emphasizing that his main goal as a school administrator is greater student achievement.

In my comment to Mr. Bernia, I again praised him for a wonderful post. I told him how I agreed that each of the core standards he listed was relevant to schools today. I then described how I understand now more than ever as a college student how important is is to take your time when it comes to assessment. You must slow down, read the questions, and do the very best you can. I told him how nice it was to see an administrator so focused on student achievement and how it was great that the students were his main priority. I look forward to possibly hearing back from Mr. Bernia, and I will definitely continue reading his blog posts.
Standardized test

Blog Assignment #4

Langwitches is such a great blog! It is so inspiring to see young children learning how to podcast and create blogs. Langwitches emphasizes a truly vital point: it's not the fact that technology is being taught; what's important is that skills are being taught.

1st Graders Create Their Own Read-Along Audiobook

Dinosaurs Before Dark
Ms. Tolisano's blog post 1st Graders Create Their Own Read-Along Audiobook explains such a fun way to integrate podcasting into the classroom. Ms. Tolisano chose the book Dinosaurs Before Dark by Mary Pope Osborne for the students to read and eventually turn into an audiobook. She pulled students out of class a few at time to let them record their voices chapter by chapter for the script. She also had the classroom teacher create a written script for the students to read along with when they listened to the book. The audio file was about 15 minutes long, and as the class listened to the podcast for the first time, they were so engaged with reading along in their script.

I think creating an audiobook is an awesome way to get students excited about reading. I can remember reading time in my first and second classroom. It was so mundane and felt very repetitive because all we did was get into groups to read the same type of material over and over again. Allowing student to use their own voices to be heard aloud is a fun way for students to practice the inflection in their voices and to truly take on the role of the character in the book. Ms. Tolisano also pointed out a great idea by composing a read-along script for the students. This allows them to see the words they were saying on paper, and it will help them to pair up sounds with actual words and letters. I can't wait to be able to incorporate podcasting into my future classroom!

Flat Stanley Podcast

Flat Stanley
The Flat Stanley Podcast was adorable! Ms. Tolisano had her students read Flat Stanley by Jim Brown. In this story, Stanley gets squished flat by a bulletin board, so he is now able to travel anywhere in the world through mail. Ms. Tolisano and her class brainstormed about the storyline so that each student could have a segment in the recording of the podcast. The children were excited to be squished by the smartboard in their classroom, and they couldn't wait to choose a place to travel to. The students were assigned to check a book out from the library to research more about their destination, and with the help of their parents and the Internet, they had to come up with a story about how they traveled to their chosen place, what they did while they were there, and how they traveled back home to Jacksonville, Florida.

It was so fun to listen to the children's recording about the places they traveled to by mail. They went everywhere, including England, Antarctica, Tokyo, and even outer space. I especially enjoyed listening to Flat Emily's description of her trip to Alabama because she went to a football game in Tuscaloosa, and she traveled to the white sandy beaches of Gulf Shores. I think it is a great idea to have the children check out a book and research more about their destination. Not only do the students benefit from making the podcast, they also learn more about geography and what goes on in the world around them. The Flat Stanley Podcast was a cute and effective way to get the children engaged in reading. It also allows them to have fun in the classroom, which is always a major bonus.

Podcasting with First Grade

Students doing a Podcast
Podcasting with First Grade explains how the first graders in Ms. Tolisano's classroom were very eager to learn to podcast when they heard other students' voice recordings. They were so excited to have their voices heard by audiences all over they world, and they wanted "to get their voices into other people's computers" too. Ms. Tolisano had the students read Vacation under the Volcano by Mary Pope Osborne from the Magic Tree House series, and they had to pretend that they that were interviewing Jack and Annie, the two main characters, about their latest adventure that had taken them to Pompeii. The teacher and students read one chapter at a time, and they then discussed as a class what happened in the story. Each boy and girl in the class took turns interviewing and recording their voice, and by the time the podcast was complete, the class was so excited that they listened to it over 20 times.

Just like the other two podcasts mentioned earlier, I think this podcast is a wonderful way to get students actively involved in reading. It is very easy, even a college student, to simply glaze over a book or story without really comprehending what is actually being said. Recording student voices into a podcast allows the students to truly pay attention to the storyline. The theme, character, and tone of the story will be much easier understood by implementing personal voices and inflections into the story. This first grade podcast serves the awesome purpose of integrating student skills into the classroom.

Sunday, September 16, 2012

Blog Assignment #3

Thoughts on Peer Editing

Peer Editors
After watching "What is Peer Editing?" and "Peer Edit With Perfection Tutorial," I gained a better understanding of what it means to be an effective peer editor. This video and slideshow presented three main steps in becoming a better peer editor. They are as follows and in this order: compliments, suggestions, and corrections. I've never really thought about the order in which you should approach peer editing and how important the steps are in becoming a successful peer editor. It makes total sense to start your peer edit off on the right foot by beginning with compliments. I know I have had hurtful comments made to me in the past from fellow peers when they were editing my paper, so this information has helped me realize how to show positivity while also substantially editing someone's paper or work. Positivity is extremely important to me in my day-to-day life, so I fully plan on incorporating it into my classroom and into my students' work. Making suggestions and corrections are also very important in the peer editing process, and there are specific ways to help accomplish them in the most effective way possible. The main point in these two steps is to be specific. It is important to point out specifically what errors you may have seen or ways for your peer to improve his or her paper. As we make specific suggestions or comments, it is again most important to do it in a positive manner.

I really enjoyed watching "Writing Peer Review Top 10 Mistakes." I liked how these 4th and 5th grade children used humor to help us learn what the top 10 peer review mistakes are. It always seems to hit home better when you hear something coming from a child, so I thought this video was a very nice way to improve my own peer editing style. As they described different types of peer editors, like "Mean Margaret" and "Picky Patty," I was able to relate to some of them. Unfortunately, I have been a Picky Patty in the past. I always had the best intentions in high school on peer edit day in class, but looking back on it now, I realize that I could have gone a little easier on my peers by not nitpicking tiny things in their papers. Seeing these top ten mistakes has helped me look closer at my own peer editing style where I can become the best educator and encourager possible.

Technology in Special Education

Computer technology
I thought "Technology in Special Education" was truly awesome! This video shows you just how important and vital it is for technology to be used in a special education classroom. In this video, a teacher takes you through a typical day in her classroom. I loved how she explained the old ways of how her students learned versus the new, better way of learning with technology. She gave an example of one student who would have to go out in the hallway with a helper during silent reading time, but with the audio books on his iPod touch, he was able to stay involved with the rest of the class and read independently. Another example the teacher gave was how one of her students had trouble communicating with her and how she struggled with understanding what he was trying to tell her. When this student had the opportunity to use his laptop in the classroom, he was able to use a program to help him communicate better with his teacher.

I am taking a Special Education class this semester, and I am so excited to learn new ways to help my students, especially with incorporating technology into the classroom. We have studied situations that argue that technology in a special education room is not good and that it shows discrimination against regular education students. I disagree with these arguments because I believe technology is a positive tool teachers can use to better their students' education. I know I personally would want to treat each of my students the same, but in my opinion, that means doing whatever is necessary to help each individual learn to their fullest capacity. "Technology in Special Education" has shown me that I want to do whatever I possibly can to help my students in the most effective way possible, and if that means bringing lots of new technology into the classroom, I fully welcome it. I can use technology for numerous things in the classroom. To name a few, I could use it for silent reading time, interactive powerpoints, and as a communication tool for my students.

Special Education and the iPad

Articulation Station app
After watching "How the iPad Works with Academics for Autism," I was very excited to go to Apple.Education Apps.com to find which app I would use in my classroom to improve my students' learning. Since I am a Secondary Education/English major, I chose "Articulation Station." This app is designed to help students and children to learn how to pronounce and practice the sounds in the English language. It uses colorful pictures and images, sounds, and different levels so that the students can take control of their own learning. Learning words, their meanings, and how to use them in context can be quite difficult, so I think "Articulation Station" can help significantly.

One of the best things about this app is that it is free. Each student and parent can download it onto their iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad without having to spend a lot of money on it. If they like the results they see, students and parents can also purchase the "Articulation Station Pro" version of this app to extend their knowledge even more. According to iTunes, "Articulation Station is a full featured articulation application to help children as well as adults learn to speak and pronounce their sounds more clearly. Beautiful high quality images represent target words to be practiced in fun-filled activities with the assistance of a Speech-Language Pathologist, teacher, or parent." I am very excited to be able to incorporate this wonderful app into my classroom one day!

Harness Your Students' Digital Smarts

Vicki Davis' classroom
Vicki Davis' video "Harness Your Students' Digital Smarts" was awesome to watch. It was so cool to see a teacher focused on bettering students academically through the use of technology in the classroom. Vicki Davis uses blogs, presentations, and all sorts of programs in her classroom to get her students engaged in the learning process. She stated that teachers feel they should know everything before they teach their students. I loved how she responded with saying that it's okay not to know everything because our students can and will teach us many things. When a student is able to figure something out for his or herself, the empowering feeling they get cannot be matched.

I personally wish I grew up in a classroom like Vicki Davis demonstrated in her video. It is so important for students to stay up-to-date with the increases in technology, and it is vital they learn to use it in the classroom. I would have especially loved creating the Avatar world she explained in her video. Allowing her students to have fun while learning was extremely important to her. As a future middle or high school teacher, I want to do my best to capture the attention of students each day in my classroom. By standing at the front of the room lecturing with them taking notes with a pencil and paper on what I say is not the type of classroom environment I want to establish. When students walk out of my classroom, I want them to say, "Wow, I learned so much today in Ms. Langham's class, and I can't wait to see what is in store for tomorrow!"

Saturday, September 8, 2012

Blog Assignment #2

Did You Know? 3.0

Technologies
After watching "Did You Know? 3.0 - A John Strange 2012 Version" and "Did You Know 3.0 by Karl Fisch and Scott McLeod", I was amazed at the statistics I saw on these two videos.

The first video was by Dr. Strange. One of the main things that caught my attention was that it is estimated that by 2025 the number of English-speaking Chinese is likely to exceed the number of native English speakers in the rest of the world. This was mind-boggling to me because, as Americans, we tend to think we are educationally, financially, and socially better off than the rest of the world. This is not so though, and if we do not start taking action, we will continue to fall further and further behind other countries. "Did You Know? 3.0 - A John Strange 2012 Version" also pointed out that it is estimated that 18 million Chinese speak English and 300 million are "learners." In the United States, it seems that we are more concerned with getting non-English speakers out of our country than we are concerned with broadening our knowledge of other languages. When I was in middle and high school, I studied four years of Spanish... FOUR years. How much Spanish do I remember now? Very little. I am not even fluent in two languages; whereas, people my age and younger in other countries can speak several different languages. Dr. Strange's video has helped me open my eyes to how we should probably start focusing on how we can use technology and education to further our knowledge about the world around us.

A few other things that quickly caught my attention were all of the statistics of how rapidly technology is growing and expanding. Along with Dr. Strange's video, "Did You Know 3.0 by Karl Fisch and Scott McLeod" described how teachers in 2012 are preparing their students for jobs that do not even exist yet, to use technologies that haven't been invented, to solve problems we don't even know are problems yet. If you think about that last sentence for a while, it will hit you like a ton of bricks. Technology is incredible and can be used for education in ways unimaginable. Most of us have the world literally at our fingertips, and we are able to connect with someone down the street from us or even someone on the other side of the world. I really enjoyed learning this fascinating information from the two "Did You Know? 3.0" videos, and I look forward to witnessing the continual uprising of technology as we dive headfirst into the future.

Mr. Winkle Wakes

Change Ahead
"Mr. Winkle Wakes" is a modern-day version of Rip Van Winkle, who awoke from a 100-year sleep. Mr. Winkle wakes to find that the world had changed drastically from what it was before he fell asleep. He first goes into an office building and then into a hospital, only to find machines and noises that are completely unfamiliar to him. He doesn't like the change around him because it is not what he is comfortable with. There were people using machines to talk with other people halfway across the world, and doctors and nurses had patients hooked up to a variety of different machines. Mr. Winkle finally ends up in a school, and to his delight, it was just like it was over a century before.

Mr. Winkle noticed that the students sat in neat rows with the teacher lecturing at the front of the classroom. The teacher taught reading, writing, and arithmetic all day long without any intrusion from the machines and noises Mr. Winkle didn't like. He found comfort in the fact that even after 100 years, school had remained the same. Though Mr. Winkle did not find much change in the school, I personally believe there has been significant change in the school from 1912 to 2012. Teachers have the opportunity to integrate technology such as computers, smart boards, and the Internet into the classroom. Technology is such a vital part of a student's learning nowadays, and I hope that teachers across the world use it to positively impact their students' lives. Just like Dr. Strange says, I believe teachers should use technology to help eliminate burp-back education.

Sir Ken Robinson: The Importance of Creativity

Creativity
In Sir Ken Robinson's video "The Importance of Creativity", he discusses how creativity is as important as literacy in children's lives. I really enjoyed and was inspired by Sir Robinson's video because he used humor and wit to describe a topic that is essential to all of us. He uses stories and examples that we all can relate to. He notes how educators in today's school systems are stifling children's creativity, but he focuses on how we can change that. He goes on to mention how kids are naturally not scared to be wrong, but as they grow older, they stifle their creativity because they have been taught creativeness and uniqueness is just that, wrong.

Sir Robinson describes creativity as a process of having original ideas that have value, and he expresses a need to use different ways to integrate creativity into the lives of our children. For example, creativity can come in the form of dance, music, singing, drawing, writing, etc. He gives an example of a little girl who was extremely hyper in her classroom and who got in trouble frequently for not sitting still. Her parents took her to a doctor who wanted to put her on ADHD medicine. Another doctor suggested taking the little girl to dance class to see how she adapted there. After one class, this child came out saying she loved dance because there were other girls who couldn't sit still too. This story is an example of how that child could use dance as her mode of creativity. Sir Robinson concluded by saying that we, as educators, should see creative capacities for the richness they are, and he emphasizes that our job is to help children make something of their natural creative natures.

Thinking About the Future

Corning's Glass Technology
After watching "A Day Made of Glass 2", I was utterly amazed at the advancement of the glass technology portrayed in this video. It was so innovative that I had a hard time even imagining a time when this type of technology could be available. It wasn't until after I watched "A Day Made of Glass 2: Unpacked. The Story Behind Corning's Vision." that I realized this glass technology could very well be readily produced just around the corner. With the rapidity of advancing technology, it could be within a few years that this technology is accessible. It may not be available quite to this magnitude, but the possibilities are seemingly endless. One of the main things that stuck out to me was the technology used in the classroom and hospital. With these types of innovations, the world as we know it is on its way to an advancement like we have never seen before. It was also very interesting to watch "Project Glass: Live Demo at Google" and see how Apple, along with Corning, is experiencing with glass technology.

After watching "A Day Made of Glass 2: Unpacked. The Story Behind Corning's Vision.", I was so interested in the technology used in the classroom in this video. It was amazing that each student had their own thin, glass tablet that connected to the teacher's huge glass screen in the front of the classroom. The students seemed so interested and willing to learn because the technology was available to them. I don't think Mr. Winkle would enjoy the craziness of Corning's glass technology, but I think the modern-day student would absolutely love it. Though this type of advanced glass technology isn't quite ready for us to use in the classroom yet, I still believe we should use the technology we have ready for us in 2012. I know I personally enjoy being able to use computers and tablets in my college classroom, so I know that younger students would have more fun learning with the opportunity to use technology in their classrooms as well.

Thursday, August 23, 2012

Blog Assignment #1

About Me

Hi everyone! My name is Claire Langham, and I am a 20-year-old junior at the University of South Alabama. I was born and raised in Saraland, AL, and I love living in the south. I wanted to stay home for college, so attending South Alabama has been the best choice for me. I am majoring in Secondary Education with a focus on English, and I hope to teach in a high school classroom one day. My main goal in becoming a future teacher is to positively impact students' lives. Middle and high school students hold a special place in my heart, and I am so excited about furthering my education to be able to become the best educator possible.

I can't go much further without mentioning the main priority in my life, which is Jesus Christ. I love the Lord with all of my heart, and I strive each and every day to further His Kingdom. Without His love, mercy, and grace in my life, I would be a lost sinner with no hope of a future. I attend Lafitte Baptist Church, and I absolutely love serving with fellow Christ followers there. I teach the middle school Sunday school class, and I am a part of the college leadership team. I am so thankful for a God who saves and for a God who continuously loves us despite our many faults and failures.

I am a busy, organized, fun-loving, and high energy person. I have a highly Type A personality, and my Vera Bradley planner is always close by my side. This semester I am taking 19 hours of class, and I work a part-time job at a local daycare. I am also the head volleyball coach at North Mobile Christian School, and I have fallen in love with coaching. I played volleyball from 6th-12th grade, but I am enjoying being on the coaching side of the game now. Needless to say, I am always on the go, but I wouldn't have it any other way. I love the craziness and fulfillment of a jam-packed schedule, and I love fitting lots of exciting things into my day.

My main support system is my wonderful family. My dad's name is Kenneth, and he has taught me so many life lessons, from the proper way to clean and park a vehicle to how to live a Christ-centered life. My mom's name is Brenda, and she is wonderful. She is my go-to person when I am having a bad day, and she always knows how to make things better. I have a 24-year-old brother, David, and he has an awesome wife, Morgan. I love hanging out with them because they are always so much fun. Last but not least is my sweet boyfriend, Chad. We have been together since we were 15 years old, so we are going on five years now. We can't wait to have the opportunity to get married, and we hope to be able to once we have both graduated from South. He is studying to become a mechanical engineer. He is truly my other half, and he is the biggest source of encouragement to me. I also have some pretty great friends who are always fun to be around. I am surrounded by so many loving and caring people, and I am grateful for each of them.

Just like everyone else, I have those certain things in life that I enjoy and find interesting. I love going to the beach and being out on the water. I enjoy traveling to new places, and in the last three summers, I've been to Alaska, Canada, Montana, Wyoming, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Fall weather is my favorite, and I love shopping for cute fall clothes. I'm obsessed with candles and all things that smell good. I have two toy poodles, Beau and Coco, and I love Christian and country music. I'm so excited about what life has in store for me next. I don't know what my future holds, but I do know Who holds my future. I would like to leave you with one of my favorite Bible verses, "For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord. "Plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future." Jeremiah 29:11

Randy Pausch On Time Management

I really enjoyed Randy Pausch's video on time management. I have never heard of him before, but he made several excellent points that stuck out to me. When he said "failing to plan is planning to fail," I was able to immediately think of times when I did not make adequate plans, and they inevitably ended in failure. It is important to also make a to-do list and to ask yourself why each point on your list is important. I sometimes struggle with putting too many things on my to-do list, so it becomes physically impossible to complete each point in the time frame I give myself. Randy Pausch's video has given me the insight that I must try to focus on doing the right things adequately on my to-do list, rather than simply doing the wrong things beautifully.

Time Management Exercises and Lessons

After reading through Penn State's time management tips, I found that I follow many of the rules they suggest. They stress the importance of using a planner, and as I mentioned earlier, my planner is usually within my reach. I even color coordinate my classes and label each test and homework assignment with the pen color that matches the course. I tend to be a tad OCD when it comes to my planner. I did realize though that I do incorporate a few time wasters into my everyday schedule without really knowing it. My biggest time wasters would most likely be browsing on Facebook and Pinterest and watching too much TV. I am glad I was able to take a look at Penn State's time management suggestions, and I plan on referring back to them if I am ever in a bind.

Wednesday, August 22, 2012